Mutual Fund Investment Advice 2011

Investment Advisory Agreement And Strategy Selection Form
Revised August 2011 Investment Advisory Agreement and Strategy Selection Form . circumstances will Signal-provider provide investment management services or personalized advice. services via the mutual fund asset allocation program, ... Access Doc

Annual Management Report Of Fund Performance For The Period ...
December 31, 2011. During this period, the Fund had an provides investment advice and portfolio management services to the Fund and appoints distributors for the Fund. Management Fees The principal distributor is a national mutual fund ... Access This Document

SAVINVEST STRUCTURED INVESTMENT FUND Sponsored By Bourse ...
Issued. An open ended mutual fund is one in which the number of units which may be issued in the Fund is unlimited. as to investment advice and management, to Bourse Securities Limited (the “Investment Manager”); and 3. ... Read Full Source

Worldwide Hotel Transaction Volume To Hit $32 Billion In 2013
Jones Lang LaSalle's Hotels and Hospitality experts expect worldwide hotel deal volume to reach $32 billion in 2013, as increased transparency around the world gives way to a more globalized arena for investors. As the investment landscape continues to transform, a strong bench of buyer groups will remain interested in acquiring assets, according to initial results from Jones Lang LaSalle 's ... Read News

Sun Life Financial - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Financial Services, Financial planning and advice, Life insurance, Health insurance, the Boston-based investment management and mutual fund company. In 2011, Sun Life received the following awards: ... Read Article

HARMONY INCOME TAX AND CAPITAL GAINS INFORMATION 2011
• sale of mutual fund units or shares held within Cash or Self-Directed Cash plans; Changing your investment from one fund to another, AGF FUNDS REFERENCE TABLE FOR FUND CHANGES IN 2011 NEW FUNDS NEW FUND FUND START DATE ... Read Document

Investment Advisory Agreement And Strategy Selection Form
Circumstances will Signal-provider provide investment management services or personalized advice. wholesaling activities will consist primarily of introducing Selling Agents to the Investment Advisor to the Mutual Fund, Revised January 2011 : ... Read Here

Average Annual Total Returns (%) For Period Ended June 30, 2011
Second Quarter 2011 INVESTMENT COMMENTARY Product Covered: > Fund pColumbia Dividend Income and expenses of a mutual fund carefully before investing. For a free This information is not intended to provide investment advice and does not account for ... Fetch Document

DirectInvesting's Channel - YouTube
Moneypaper Inc. is a leading publisher of investment literature and was one of the earliest advocates of direct investment plans 0:36 What's wrong with mutual funds. other shareholders may be pulling out funds just when you might want your fund management to be buyers. ... View Video

Portfolio Capital Management, Inc.
801-16379 March 15, 2011 Address: 5950 Fairview Rd. Ste. 610 Charlotte, NC 28210 (704) 552-0073 1 Portfolio Capital Management, Inc. 5950 Fairview Road PCM also provides investment advice and analytical support to individual Mutual Fund to their clients, ... Fetch Document

MAPLE LEAF SHORT DURATION 2010 FLOW-THROUGH LIMITED ...
Notice of Mutual Fund Rollover Transaction – October 21, 2011 MUTUAL FUND ROLLOVER TRANSACTION Maple Leaf Short Duration 2010 Flow-Through Limited Partnership investment advice for the Mutual Fund. Custodian: RBC Dexia Investor Services Trust Toronto, Ontario ... Read More

IMPERIAL POOLS ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM December 21, 2011
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Suitability Investment Advice

GARP Switzerland Chapter Meeting
How to link client and product specific suitability factors? ng investment advice o portfoli managementa, firm must assess suitability. The assessment of a transaction’s ding of the yoff and nt experience n idable nputs . ... Content Retrieval

About Experts Sitemap - Group 21 - Page 35 2012-08-30
My advice to you is to uncoupling membrane called Ditra by Schluter that is 1/8” in thickness but You will have to check with them as to the suitability flooring: Hi Laurie;Acclimation is a very important aspect of a hardwood floor installation so you have to protect your investment. ... Read Article

Elliott Wave Analysis 03-04-12 - YouTube
Nothing in this video is to be taken as trading or investment advice. Consult your financial adviser regarding the suitability of market participation regardless of any information in this video. ... View Video

MiFID Guidance Note2-Suitability Appropriateness And Best ...
Suitability and Appropriateness .. 4 1.1.1. Suitability investment advice or discretionary portfolio management in the course of MiFID business therefore it applies to all non-advised services and execution- ... Read Here

ON-LINE BROKERAGE AND THE SEARCH FOR SUITABILITY
Of each customer who may rely on their advice. Suitability, both as derived from antifraud provisions and as incorporated in the rules of the self- specifically-directed investment advice and do in fact rely heavily on that advice in making ... View Full Source

Wave 2 Of P3 - Part 6 - YouTube
Nothing in this video is to be taken as trading or investment advice. Consult your financial adviser regarding the suitability of market participation regardless of any information in this video. ... View Video

Of the investment advice or portfolio management services (‘end client’)? Please also state the reasons for your answer. We agree. Most legal entities of groups will be professional clients. Retail Market Regulation Advice Keywords: Suitability, MiFID ... Read More

Suitability 101 - Welcome To Vision Advisors
Or provide advice about securities”. Hold themselves out as an investment advisor representative or registered person 2010 NAIC Suitability in Annuity Transactions Model Regulation focuses heavily on suitability standards: ... Retrieve Doc

Consultation Paper - Esma |
Order to assess the suitability of any investment6 for that client. This necessarily encompasses infor-mation about the client’s: (a) investment objectives investment advice covering their entire financial portfolio than for clients asking for specific advice on ... Fetch Document

Relaunch Investment Suitability
Investment advice and asset management, FINMA proposes the introduction of an obligation to check suitability and, in the non- Investment Suitability in the short-term, to check their advisory systems and processes for possible alternatives and evaluate ... Read Full Source

Asia Pacific Suitability Issues In The Sale Of Financial ...
Asia Pacific Suitability Issues in the Sale of Financial Products to Individual Investors Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore products being sold and investment advice being given to individual investors. The findings will be used as part ... Read Document

CLIENT INVESTMENT PROFILE (JOINT ACCOUNT) Declaration And ...
Investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs, we expect you on your own initiative to provide us with the re levant and necessary information are aware and accept that the suitability of such advice and/or recommendation has not been determined by us. ... Read Here

IQE Plc : Acquisition Of Kopin Wireless For $75 Million, Placing To Raise £16.5 Million And Trading Update
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS RESTRICTED AND IS NOT FOR RELEASE, PUBLICATION OR DISTRIBUTION, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IN, INTO OR FROM THE UNITED STATES, CANADA, AUSTRALIA, NEW ... Read News

Choosing Suitable Investments - AARP - Health, Travel Deals ...
How Advisers Gauge Suitability Your investment adviser needs to gather a lot of information from you before making any recommendation. supersede, professional or legal advice. Your To-Do List: Q Set your retirement goals. Use the AARP ... Access Full Source

FSA's Pension-switching advice suitability Assessment ...
Skandia Investment Solutions The provider and reference of the existing scheme is The receiving scheme is a (Policy 1) Aviva A1111 (Policy 2) Scottish Widows SW2222 FSA's pension-switching advice suitability assessment template: Data section Policy Policy ... Access Document

Liability And Damages In Unsuitable Investment Advice Cases
Their IAs in regard to the suitability of investment advice. The court stated: What, then, is the duty of a stockbroker who chooses to offer financial, investment and taxation advice, in addition to the services of a broker or “order-taker”? ... Fetch Doc

Assessing Suitability - Farrer - Home
Investment firms are placing an emphasis on a customer’s appetite for risk rather than taking into account the equally contributed to the provision of poor advice. Suitability is about meeting both a customer’s attitude to risk and their ... Retrieve Here

Talk:Software Quality - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Reliability is only a subset of Quality. Quality is a combination of reliability, suitability, availability, maintainabilty, performance, time to market, and return on investment. One question SQA asks is "Did we build the product right?", (verification), the other is "Did we build the right ... Read Article

The Customer Relationship: Suitability, Unauthorized Trading ...
The Customer Relationship: Suitability, Unauthorized Trading, and Churning By Charles R. Mills (charles.mills@klgates.com) K&L Gates Washington, D.C. represents that it and its registered representatives can provide ex pert investment advice, will ... Document Viewer

Complex Financial Products: IOSCO Suitability Requirements
Suitability of structured investment products for their customers, so as to reduce the risk of mis-selling. but also investment advice and recommendations, as well as the exercise of investment management discretion which results in investors holding such products. ... Access Full Source

Real Estate Business Sitemap - Page 5 2013-01-03
IGNORE that bad advice. property suitability evaluation, and repairs and maintenance issues. Moving? - Use Your Current Home for Real Estate Investment Sometimes the ideal situation for investment is right under your nose. If you're moving locally, ... Read Article

The Standard Of Care For Investment Advice
Investment advice (“fiduciary” or “suitability”) needs to be clearly defined and the investing public educated; and a suitability obligation), but once they do, fiduciary is the one they prefer when getting advice . When you are entering ... Read More

LGBT Parenting - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Parental investment; Paternal bond; Pediatrics; Social psychology; Styles: Attachment parenting; Concerted cultivation; Gatekeeper parent; Helicopter parent; Nurturant parenting; Slow parenting; Soccer mom; Strict father model; Taking Children Seriously; Work at home parent; Techniques: ... Read Article

AMF Position 2012-13 Suitability Requirements For Financial ...
Arrangements necessary to ensure the suitability of an investment 8.1. General guidelines 8 In order to match clients with suitable investments, investment advice or portfolio management service, where an illiquid product is involved, takes ... Access This Document

investment Risk Profiles - AIFA | Association Of Independent ...
Investment advice and help advisers ensure they remain compliant. The advice process and determining >Having researched the investment options has advice been provided based on a suitability assessment process in the best interests of the client? ... View Doc

Questions And Answers On suitability Obligations Of Licensed ...
Questions and answers on suitability obligations of licensed and registered persons who are engaged in financial planning and wealth management business investment advice may have been given merely to meet sales targets or may be driven by financial or other incentives). ... Visit Document

Broker-Dealers As Fiduciaries?
Fiduciary/suitability based on transaction/product 5 9 3 6 10 7 Not Sure 16 20 9 16 24 10 investment advice about securities regardless of whether they choose to work with an investment advisor or a BD.” At the same time, the study notes ... Fetch Here

Index Fund Investment Advice

Taxable Bond investing: Bond funds Or Individual Bonds?
Actively managed or index mutual fund, or in an ETF (hereafter, None of the financial strategies outlined here should be construed as advice from Vanguard. A bond fund’s more timely investment of new cash and reinvestment of income ... Fetch Document

Investment Strategy - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
In finance, an investment strategy is a set of rules, behaviors or procedures, designed to guide an investor's selection of an investment portfolio. in a mutual fund called an index fund or an exchange-traded fund (ETF). ... Read Article

Scotia Canadian Bond Index Fund
Scotia Canadian Bond Index Fund Canadian Fixed Income Investment Objective and should not be relied on as investment advice. Neither Standard & Poor’s nor any of its affiliates shall be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, ... Fetch Content

Annual Management Report Of Fund Performance
The Fund, to provide investment advice and portfolio management services to the Fund. CAMI will pay a fee to CIBC Global. Fund Transactions. CIBC Japanese Index RRSP Fund. Summary of Investment Portfolio (as at December 31, 2006) The . ... View Doc

Fact Sheet: SSgA U.S. Bond Index Fund - Class A,Dec2011
The SSgA U.S. Bond Index Fund (the "Fund") seeks an investment return that approximates as closely as practicable, before expenses, the performance of SSgA encourages investors to seek the advice of well-qualified financial and tax advisors, accountants, attorneys and other ... Fetch Full Source

Mass Eye And Ear-TG-C3039
Equity Index Fund (TCIEX) Enhanced Investment Menu 1 Guarantees are subject to TIAA’s claims-paying ability. investment advice. 9. Will loans remain available? Yes, loans are still available through the retirement plan. Contact TIAA-CREF for ... Access Document

HSBC FTSE 250 Index Fund - HSBC Global Asset Management
The material contained in this document is for information only and does not constitute investment advice or a recommendation to any reader of this material to buy or sell investments. The HSBC FTSE 250 Index Fund is a sub-fund of the HSBC Index Tracker Investment Funds range. ... View Doc

How Investment Advisors And Mutual Funds Make Money - YouTube
They use a simple strategy called asset allocation with index funds and ETFs. getting her to then buy back into them at a much larger amout. for example the fund went down to 20 dollars a shart, 2:12 The Best Investment Advice You'll Never Hear by rpfennin 22,344 views; ... View Video

Contact Us Call: 1-888-400-4383 Www.pimcoetfs.com PIMCO ...
PIMCO 1-5 Year U.S. TIPS Index Fund STPZ $ 0.02212800.0475630 $ This material has been distributed for informational purposes only and should not be considered as investment advice or a recommendation of any particular security, ... Return Doc

Stock Market Index Fund - Mutual Of Omaha Life Insurance ...
Stock Market Index Fund Quarterly Summary Profile as of June 30, 2007 (except where noted) Objective Provide long-term growth of principal and Omaha nor its representatives or affiliates offers legal or investment advice in connection with the product. ... Fetch Doc

Vanguard® Growth And Income Fund - Mutual Of Omaha Life ...
The Fund considers the S&P 500 Index to be its benchmark. Fees An investment fee of 0.58% is assessed. Note: Effective April 1, 2006 investors who Omaha nor its representatives or affiliates offers legal or investment advice in ... Document Viewer

Honeywell Savings And Ownership Plan Summary - Real 401K Advice
Our advice is highly personalized and confidential. Investment Grade Bond Fund S&P 500 Equity Index Fund Short Term Fixed Income Fund Any investment securities and strategies referenced are not suitable for all investors. ... View Document

Amazon Is Dragging These ETFs Higher
Shares of e-commerce giant Amazon.com (NASDAQ: AMZN ) are trading lower by about 1.5 percent in late trading Tuesday, backing off a bit from the all-time set on Monday. Trading at an ... Read News

ANZ Online Investment Account
Insurance and advice solutions. OnePath has been helping Australians grow and protect their wealth for over 130 years, previously The Index Fund’s investment strategies allow for limited use of derivatives, such as futures and options. Investing in derivatives has ... Get Document

Vanguard Target Retirement Funds Prospectus Investor Shares ...
The Licensor Parties have provided or wi ll provide any financial or investment advice or recommendation in relation to International Stock Index Fund because those transactions were effected in kind and did not cause the Fund to incur ... Get Doc

Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund
Licensor Parties have provided or will provide any financial or investment advice or recommendation in relation to the Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Investment Objective The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the ... Access Full Source

The RBC U.S. Index Fund (Series A) gained 2.4% in Q3 compared to 2.7% return for the S&P 500 Total Return Index, in Canadian dollars. investment or tax advice. You should not act or rely on the information contained in the fund profile without seeking ... Retrieve Content

The HSA Investment Service Offers A Range Of investment ...
Encouraged to consult a financial advisor for specific investment advice. Fixed income funds provide investors with low investment risk. Fixed Income Funds • JPMorgan Equity Index Fund – Select Shares (Ticker: HLEIX) • Royce Premier Fund – Investment Class2 (Ticker: RYPRX) ... Read Here

Investment Facts : How Does A Hedge Fund Work? - YouTube
2:57 Investment Advice : 1:22 Investment Facts : What Is an Index Fund? by ehowfinance 7,407 views; 1:24 Money Management : Starting a Hedge Fund by ehowfinance 1,494 views; 10:51 A look inside hedge funds by APM Marketplace 191,221 views; ... View Video

Stocks Record Moderate Losses For Second Day
The U.S. stock market traded lower for the second day in a row on Tuesday. It was another slow day for macro news and overall volume was light. The losses were contained on the session and the ... Read News

Supplement To The Prospectuses And Summary Prospectuses
The Licensor Parties have provided or wi ll provide any financial or investment advice or recommendation in relation to that of the fund’s target index. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed ... Access Doc

Value investing - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Contrarian Investment Strategies: The Next Generation (1998), by David Dreman. Index fund; Theory and terminology: Efficient-market hypothesis; Net asset value; Open-end fund; Closed-end fund; Related topics: List of asset management firms; Umbrella fund; ... Read Article

Contact Us Www.pimcoetfs.com PIMCO Exchange Traded Funds 2012 ...
This material has been distributed for informational purposes only and should not be considered as investment advice or a recommendation of any particular security, Each Fund, except the 25+ Year Zero Coupon U.S. Treasury Index Fund, ... Access Doc

Warren Buffett Talks Index Funds - YouTube
1:02 Index Funds Quick Start Guide by sport302 Featured 3,452; 4:30 Dave Ramsey's Advice on Student Loan Debt!!! by NewCollegePrep 3,280 views; 10:03 Warren Buffett - This is Always a Bad Investment by WarrenBuffettBlog 43,424 views; ... View Video

Large Cap Equity Funds - What Are Large-Cap Equity Funds?
The next fund differentiator is the investment style. If it's an index fund, the goal will be to follow whatever index it is targeting. But if it's actively managed, and should not be misconstrued as investment advice. ... Read Article

Mutual Fund Investing - The Beginner's Guide To Investing In ...
Are Low-Cost Index Funds the Best Mutual Fund Investment? Many professionals believes that low-cost index funds are a better investment choice for those who want to grow their wealth without a lot of hassle. How are index funds different? ... Read Article

Cheapest Cities To Live In
Calculate how long your savings will last. Search for videos about a specific company. Whether you're a baby boomer about to retire or a young adult with decades to save, you'll find lots of advice in MSN Money's retirement planning video library. ... Read News

Small Cap Equity Funds - What Is A Small-Cap Equity Fund?
Small cap equity funds may be among the fund choices in your 401(k). and should not be misconstrued as investment advice. Why an Index Fund May be the Only Investment You Need; What Are International Equity Funds? ... Read Article

Investment Fund Sample Portfolios
Neither ADPnor any of its affiliates can provide tax or legal advice, provide investment advice or recommendations regarding particular An index fund is a mutual fund that attempts to match the performance of a major market index (e.g., the Dow ... Get Content Here

FL Index Linked AL fund Life Fund Factsheet November 2012
This factsheet is for information only and is not designed to provide advice on the suitability of an investment for your FL Index Linked AL fund Information (as at 31/10/2012) Fund Risk Rating Cautious Managed* Fund Size (£m) 156.6 ... Retrieve Doc

Pay Investment Advice

ERISA For Money Managers: A Practical Workshop
Investment advice for a fee to a plan, then such individual broker and the employer both are fiduciaries. which case the plan may pay, subject to certain restrictions, a loan rebate or similar fee to the borrower). PTE 2006-16 – cont’d. ... Fetch Document

Guide To investing
Investment advice and portfolio management services are not free. When you ask for advice or portfolio bonds, it is likely that you will be asked to pay a one-off commission for buying or selling the product.  For other products, such as mutual funds, some ... Retrieve Full Source

Financial Planner Fees - 6 Ways They Can Charge
This can be a great way to pay for financial advice if you are willing to implement the advice on your own. Financial Planning And Investment Advice Are Not The Same Thing; How To Choose A Financial Advisor With The Right Experience; ... Read Article

GAO-11-119 401(K) Plans: Improved Regulation Could Better ...
Investment advice from a broker, dealer, or investment adviser and uses the advice primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. 31 pay higher fees than with other investment options, and have lower savings available for retirement. ... Doc Viewer

Career Advice - Finance And Investment Banking - YouTube
Career Advice - Finance and Investment Banking Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe. Loading 41 videos . Loading Close . Upgrade to the latest Flash Player for improved playback performance. "How does one discuss the issue of a pay rise with one's manager?" ... View Video

Oing What’s Right For You Tax Saving Tips For Landlords
Pay on such a transfer, but Stamp Duty Land Tax may be due if the property is mortgaged. investment or other professional advice. Mortgage Advice Bureau accepts no responsibility or liability for loss that may arise from reliance on information contained in ... View This Document

Investment - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Investment has different meanings in finance and economics. In economics, investment is related to saving and deferring consumption. Investment is involved in many areas of the economy, such as business management and finance whether for households, firms, or governments. In finance, investment ... Read Article

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR CLIENTS WITH INVESTMENT ADVISORY ...
However, may pay commissions (in addition to any advisory program Stanley Smith Barney will not provide investment advice with respect to such securities. • Agency Cross Transactions. Agency cross transactions (i.e., ... View Full Source

Ameriprise Strategic Portfolio Service Advantage Client Agreement
Based fee ("Wrap Fee") for investment advisory services, the execution of transactions and related services, as well as other applicable fees and expenses. to pay for that advice. 2. Appropriateness of SPS Advantage An SPS Advantage Account ... Return Doc

ANZ Online Investment Account
Insurance and advice solutions. OnePath has been helping Australians grow and protect their wealth for over 130 years, previously More of what your investment earns stays yours. You pay typically lower investment transaction and management costs, ... Visit Document

Calculating Redress In investment Complaints
Suitable investment advice. how do we decide what would have been suitable advice? In some cases, the investment loss – and to pay this to the Inland Revenue. Unless the circumstances indicate otherwise, we are likely to set the interest ... Fetch Full Source

The Future Of Financial advice Opportunities And Challenges
The winners from the Future of Financial Advice (FOFA) reforms investment style, vs. price. • How can we structure and use data to better understand customer needs? capacity to pay, preferred servicing mechanism etc. ... Retrieve Content

Your Investment Property Guide - Hawaii Real Estate - Find ...
Adding A Home To Your Investment Portfolio which have regular meetings featuring advice from attorneys, accountants, • Utility costs the renter isn’t required to pay. • Repair and maintenance. • Advertising/marketing expenses. ... Fetch This Document

FRANK RUSSELL COMPANY Part Of Russell Investment Group 1301 ...
Pay for various third party or other Russell services, including consulting services. index-based investment advice, fund-of funds investment advice, short term investments advice, objective setting, asset allocation, and other advisory services to ... Fetch Document

The Mutual Fund Store - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
The Mutual Fund Store is a fee-based investment advisory firm. Clients pay a quarterly fee based on their account value for investment advice and actively managed investment portfolios. Because investment advisors are fee-based, ... Read Article

Financial Planning Myths Why Seek Financial Planning advice ...
Personal investment advice. Myth: You only need financial planning if you are about to retire. Fact: and expert advice, so you should expect to pay for it. After all, as someone once said, “Free advice is worth what you pay for it.” ... Doc Retrieval

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT (DISCRETIONARY)
Section 6. Management Fees . Client will pay Adviser a fee for its investment management services. Th e Notices . Any notice, advice or report to be given to Adviser under this Agree ment will be delivered in person, by U ... Document Retrieval

UBS Retreat Plotted At Castle As Credit Suisse Cuts Costs
Switzerland’s 437-year-old Wolfsberg castle has welcomed the likes of Alexandre Dumas and Franz Liszt. In September, UBS AG (UBSN) Chief Executive Officer Sergio Ermotti gathered the bank’s top executives there for dinner. ... Read News

GSEPS PLAN HIGHLIGHTS - Home - Employees' Retirement System ...
Pay, annual leave payouts, overtime, and vehicle allowances. 2 The average is calculated using the highest consecutive 24 months of salary while a member of the including access to investment advice. 401(k) Plan (cont.) 401(k) PARTICIPANT FEES ... Doc Retrieval

[7-1] LIMITATION ON DEDUCTION OF INVESTMENT INTEREST EXPENSE ...
C. Fees for investment advice D. State income taxes Are Net Capital Gains Included in Investment Income? Net capital Vince has elected to pay $630 more in taxes for the benefit of a $4,200 carryforward of investment interest expense. ... Read Here

UBS Rooting Out 'Negative Elements'
UBS Rooting Out 'Negative Elements' ... Read News

Investment Advisers Under NH Law - Home - NHSOS
Investment Advisers under N.H. Law Federal Covered Advisers "Federal covered advisers", those registered and regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, are not subject to the investment adviser federal covered advisers need to pay a renewal ... Access Doc